Whitehead Digital Slide Collection

WILLOW FALLS RANCH, 1975


SETTING

In 1974, my maternal grandparents, Donald and Ruth Huddleston, purchased a small ranch just outside of Payette, Idaho. The Willow Falls Ranch, as it is known, sits several miles away from, well, anything. During the first half of 1975, my parents, Myron and Debra Whitehead, spent several months living on the ranch with my grandparents while Mr. Whitehead, my father, interned with Dr. Daniels in Ontario, Oregon. Mr. and Mrs. Whitehead took numerous pictures of the new ranch and the extended family.

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                                field. From publicdomainpictures.net

MATERIALS

The collection consists of 59 images, all taken in 1975 between the months of January to July. These pictures were taken on a consumer-grade Canon camera and developed into 35mm slides. Myron Whitehead was the primary photographer. The content of the slides varies, but there are several prevalent themes: family members, the landscape, the new ranch and its equipment, and an eclipse that occurred in May.

The slides were not the only documentation of the new ranch, however. Mr. and Mrs. Huddleston decided to keep a journal of their experiences with the ranch. They recorded events relevant to farming, such as what tools were needed or purchased, when they planted crops and when the first frosts of Fall came. These entries were aimed at improving the productivity of the farm over the long term. Along with these journal entries, documentation relevant to Mr. Whitehead’s internship will be presented with the slides.


AUDIENCE

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                        sheep. From publicdomainpictures.net

The digitization of this collection is valuable for family, for whom the people and places are most significant. Personally, the collection is interesting as it will allow me to see my parents almost a decade before I was born (and about as old as I am now). Also, the collection will illustrate the ranch twenty years before I can remember it.

Other researchers may also glean items of interest from among the collection. For instance, the slides with people as the subject show examples of the clothing and hair styles of the mid 1970s. The collection has the advantage of containing subjects from a wide age range. Local historians or rural development researchers may be able to use the photographs to see the status of development around Payette in 1975. Several pictures contain tools and machines used in family farming, and may be useful for a researcher studying the use of technology.


VALUE OF DIGITIZATION

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                                Moo-machine. From publicdomainpictures.net

The goal for this project is to take advantage of the two main facets of digitization: accessibility and preservation. Prior to the start of this project, the slides were places in large boxes in a single location in Mr. and Mrs. Whitehead’s home. By tagging the images and adding metadata to the images they will be more easily filterable. By creating a digital access portal for these images, not only can dispersed family members or other interested individuals view the materials, but also the danger of loss of the materials due to natural disaster (in particular, from wildfires) is reduced.


The Collection & Technical Considerations


The Willow Falls Collection images are stored in four files. The archival files were scanned in at 1200 dpi, as per the NINCH recommendations for 35mm slides, albeit the lowest recommended resolution. Resolutions up to 3200 dpi were tested, but the files offered little extra clarity. Given the quantity of slides, the condition of the slides (on many dust is visible), and the storage concerns, 1200 dpi was chosen.

The JPG format was chosen for the access files as it offers a good means for web delivery due to its small file size while maintaining fair image quality. The photographs lose some quality and clarity due to the compression, but compression artifacts were relatively few, and for the intended audience deemed acceptable.

Documents Relating to the Ranch:

Metadata: Uses & Samples


#44 - Old Pick-up
DC | MODS

Old Pick-up

#46 - Valley
DC | MODS

Picture of a valley

#50 - Ranch House Kitchen
DC | MODS

Ranch House Kitchen

#52 - Debra Mowing,
Melissa Riding
DC | MODS

Debra and Melissa on the ranch

#54 - Don, Lane, and Ruth Huddleston
DC | MODS

Family Photo: Don, Lane and Ruth Huddlestone outside, with farm equipment surrounding.

Two separate sets of metadata schemes were used for the Willow Falls Ranch project: Dublin Core (DC) and Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS).


The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) maintains the standards for use of the DC elements and properties. The DC comes in two flavors: unqualified and qualified. Unqualified is simpler, with 15 elements for describing resources. What distinguishes DC from other metadata schemes is that it is focused on covering as many topics as possible with as few elements as possible. As a result, the DC elements are quite generic compared with their MODS counterparts. For instance, MODS allows for both titles and subtitles to be discretely represented, whereas in unqualified DC the subtitles are represented as a subsequent <title> tag. Qualified DC adds in attributes for attaching to the elements, to increase the specificity possible. This project uses unqualified DC.


The MODS standard is maintained by the Library of Congress. MODS provides a richer set of elements than DC. In addition, MODS allows for much qualification on the elements. For instance, a personal name can be broken into parts, and those parts can be marked to show their function (e.g., family name vs. given name). This makes MODS considerably more complicated to implement than DC, though the structure can be useful as well. The documentation for MODS shows its roots as a cataloger’s tool: many of the fields are described in terms of their relation to MARC record fields.


From an academic perspective, MODS has one large advantage over (unqualified) DC: it allows for a reference to the encoding or controlled vocabulary used. The most common users of the collection are likely to be family members, and they are not located in any controlled vocabularies. While this is less useful for this particular project, it would be highly valuable if the collection were larger or more significant for scholars.


The metadata for this collection drew from a number of controlled vocabularies and encoding schemes: Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), ISO-8601 (recording dates), MARC Relator Codes, Getty's Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT), and the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN). The MODS records label explicitly the adherence to these standards, but this was not possible in DC. Instead, comments were placed throughout the DC records to indicate where standards (if any) were applied.



Here is a list of resources which aided the construction of the Willow Falls metadata samples: